About date
The date command can be used to look at the current date of the computer as well as change the date to an alternate date.
Availability
The date command is an internal command and is available in
MS-DOS 5.0 and above
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Displays or sets the date.
DATE [date]
Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and
a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date.
Examples
date
Display the current date and prompt for a new one. If no date is entered, the current date will be kept.
About debug
Debug is a method of looking at portions of your computer and writing assembly code to perform certain tasks on your computer.
MS-DOS 2.x - 4.x uses debug.com
MS-DOS 5.x and above uses debug.exe
Availability
The debug command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All Versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Syntax
DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]
| [drive:][path]filename | Specifies the file you want to test. |
| testfile-parameters | Specifies command-line information required by the file you want to test. |
After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.
To get out of Debug you need to "Q" and enter
To execute the Debug routine you need to do "G" and enter
Examples
debug <press enter>
-D40:00 <TypeD40:00, and press
enter>
Information about your computer ports would be displayed
-Q <Type Q, and press enter>
About Defrag
Microsoft Defrag was first introduced with MS-DOS 6.0 and is a software utility capable of organizing the files
on the hard drive.
Availability
The scandisk command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
MS-DOS 6.0 and above
- How do I run Microsoft Windows Defrag?
Defrag syntax
Below is a listing of available switches in MS-DOS Defrag 6.0 and
above. It is important to note that these commands will not work in
Windows 95
and above and defrag should never be ran while Windows is running in
the background.
defrag Drive: /F /U /S:order /B /Skiphigh /LCD /BW /G0 /A /H
| Drive: | Drive letter that you wish to defragment. |
| /F | Insures that no empty space remains between files. |
| /U | Leaves empty space if any is found between files. |
| /S:order | Sorts files in specific sort <order>. N = Alphabetic name order. -N = Reverse alphabetic name order. E = In alphabetic file extension order. -E = Reverse alphabetic file extension order. D = In date order (earliest to latest). -D = Reverse date order (old to new). S = By file size (small to large) -S = By file size (large to small) |
| /B | Reboot computer after completing defrag. |
| /Skiphigh | Load defrag into conventional memory. |
| /LCD | Start defrag in LCD color mode. |
| /BW | Start defrag in black and white color mode. |
| /G0 | Disable mouse and character set. |
| /A | Start defrag in automatic mode. |
| /H | Move hidden files. |
Examples
defrag c:
Defrag the main hard drive and correct any fragmented files.
About del
Del is a command used to delete files from the computer.
Availability
The del command is an internal command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
The delete command is a recovery console command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Syntax
Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
Deletes one or more files.
DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]
| [drive:][path]filename | Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple files by using wildcards. |
| /P | Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. |
Windows 2000 and Windows XP syntax
Deletes one or more files.
DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
| names | Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. |
| /P | Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. |
| /F | Force deleting of read-only files. |
| /S | Delete specified files from all subdirectories. |
| /Q | Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard |
| /A | Selects files to delete based on attributes |
| attributes | R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving - Prefix meaning not |
If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:
The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it
shows you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not
find.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP recovery console syntax
Deletes one file.
del [drive:][path]filename
delete [drive:][path]filename
[drive:][path]filenameSpecifies the file to delete.
Delete only operates within the system directories of the current
Windows installation, removable media, the root directory of any hard
disk partition,
or the local installation sources.
Del and delete do not support replaceable parameters (wild cards).
Examples
Note: In Microsoft Windows deleted items go to the Recycle Bin, keep in mind that deleting
files from MS-DOS or the Windows command line does not send files to the Recycle Bin.
Tip: Use the rmdir or deltree command to delete directories
del test.tmp
Deletes the test.tmp in the current directory, if the file exists.
del c:\windows\test.tmp
Delete the c:\windows\test.tmp in the windows directory if it exists.
del c:\windows\temp\*.*
The * (asterisks) is a wild character, *.* indicates that you would like
to delete all files in the c:\windows\temp directory.
del c:\windows\temp\?est.tmp
The ? (question mark) is a single wild character for one letter, which means this command would delete any file
ending with est.tmp such as pest.tmp or zest.tmp.
About del
Del is a command used to delete files from the computer.
Availability
The del command is an internal command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
The delete command is a recovery console command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Syntax
Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
Deletes one or more files.
DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]
| [drive:][path]filename | Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple files by using wildcards. |
| /P | Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. |
Windows 2000 and Windows XP syntax
Deletes one or more files.
DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
| names | Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. |
| /P | Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. |
| /F | Force deleting of read-only files. |
| /S | Delete specified files from all subdirectories. |
| /Q | Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard |
| /A | Selects files to delete based on attributes |
| attributes | R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving - Prefix meaning not |
If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:
The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it
shows you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not
find.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP recovery console syntax
Deletes one file.
del [drive:][path]filename
delete [drive:][path]filename
[drive:][path]filenameSpecifies the file to delete.
Delete only operates within the system directories of the current
Windows installation, removable media, the root directory of any hard
disk partition,
or the local installation sources.
Del and delete do not support replaceable parameters (wild cards).
Examples
Note: In Microsoft Windows deleted items go to the Recycle Bin, keep in mind that deleting
files from MS-DOS or the Windows command line does not send files to the Recycle Bin.
Tip: Use the rmdir or deltree command to delete directories
del test.tmp
Deletes the test.tmp in the current directory, if the file exists.
del c:\windows\test.tmp
Delete the c:\windows\test.tmp in the windows directory if it exists.
del c:\windows\temp\*.*
The * (asterisks) is a wild character, *.* indicates that you would like
to delete all files in the c:\windows\temp directory.
del c:\windows\temp\?est.tmp
The ? (question mark) is a single wild character for one letter, which means this command would delete any file
ending with est.tmp such as pest.tmp or zest.tmp.
About deltree
Short for delete tree, deltree is a command used to delete files and
directories permanently from the computer.
Availability
The deltree is an external command that is available in the Microsoft operating systems listed below.
MS-DOS 5.0 and above
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows
ME
Windows NT
- Users who are using Microsoft 2000, XP, Vista, 7, or later should utilize the del or rmdir command.
Syntax
Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it.
To delete one or more files and directories: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]]
| /Y | Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete the subdirectory. |
| [drive:]path | Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete. |
Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within
the specified directory will be deleted. Once deleted, you cannot
recover the information.
Examples
deltree c:\fake010
Deletes the fake010 directory and everything in it.
About dir
The dir command allows you to see the available files and directories
in the current directory. In addition to listing the contents of a
directory, the dir command will also show the last modification date and
time, as well as the file size.
Availability
The dir command is an internal command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 syntax
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D]
[/L] [/N] [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W]
[/X] [/4]
| [drive:][path][filename] | Specifies drive, directory, or files to list. | ||||||||
| /A | Displays files with specified attributes. | ||||||||
| attributes |
|
||||||||
| /B | Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). | ||||||||
| /C | Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the default. Use /-C to disable display of separator. | ||||||||
| /D | Same as wide but files are list sorted by column. | ||||||||
| /L | Uses lowercase. | ||||||||
| /N | New long list format where filenames are on the far right. | ||||||||
| /O | List by files in sorted order. | ||||||||
| sortorder | N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order | ||||||||
| /P | Pauses after each screenful of information. | ||||||||
| /Q | Display the owner of the file. | ||||||||
| /R | Display alternate data streams of the file. | ||||||||
| /S | Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. | ||||||||
| /T | Control what time field displayed or used for sorting | ||||||||
| timefield | C Creation A Last Access W Last Written |
||||||||
| /W | Uses wide list format. | ||||||||
| /X | This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are displayed in its place. | ||||||||
| /4 | Displays four-digit years |
Microsoft Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/S] [/B] [/L] [/V]
| [drive:][path][filename] | Specifies drive, directory, or files to list. (Could be enhanced file specification or multiple filespecs.) |
| /P | Pauses after each screenful of information. |
| /W | Uses wide list format. |
| /A | attributes: D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving S System files - Prefix meaning not |
| /O | List by files in sorted order, sortorder: N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date and time (earliest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order A By Last Access Date (earliest first) |
| /S | Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. |
| /B | Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). |
| /L | Uses lowercase. |
| /V | Verbose mode. |
Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable.
Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for
example, /-W.
Examples
dir
Lists all files and directories in the directory that you are
currently in. By default the dir command will list the files and
directories in alphabetic order.
dir *.exe
The above command lists any file that ends with the .exe file extension. See the wildcard
definition for further wildcard examples.
dir *.txt *.doc
The above is using multiple filespecs to list any files ending with .txt and .doc in one command.
dir /ad
List only the directories in the current directory. If you need to move into one of the directories listed use the cd command.
dir /s
Lists the files in the directory that you are in and all sub
directories after that directory, if you are at root "C:\>" and type
this
command this will list to you every file and directory on the C:
drive of the computer.
dir /p
If the directory has a lot of files and you cannot read all the
files as they scroll by, you can use this command and it will display
all files one
page at a time.
dir /w
If you don't need the info on the date or time and other
information on the files, you can use this command to list just the
files and directories
going horizontally, taking as little as space needed.
dir /s /w /p
This would list all the files and directories in the current
directory and the sub directories after that, in wide format and one
page at a time.
dir /on
List the files in alphabetical order by the names of the files.
dir /o-n
List the files in reverse alphabetical order by the names of the files.
dir \ /s |find "i" |more
A nice command to list all directories on the hard drive, one
screen page at a time, and see the number of files in each directory and
the amount
of space each occupies.
dir > myfile.txt
Takes the output of dir and re-routes it to the file myfile.txt instead of outputting it to the screen.
About disable
The disable command is a recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
Availability
The disable command is a recovery console command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Syntax
Disables a Windows system service or driver.
disable servicename
service name is the name of the service or driver to be disabled.
Disable
prints the old start_Type of the service before resetting it to
SERVICE_DISABLED. You should make a note of the old start_Type, in case
you need to enable the service again.
The start_Type values that the disable command displays are:
SERVICE_DISABLED
SERVICE_BOOT_START
SERVICE_SYSTEM_START
SERVICE_AUTO_START
SERVICE_DEMAND_START
Examples
disable <servicename> SERVICE_AUTO_START
The above example would disable the auto start service. If you wish to re-enable this service, you would want to use the enable command, using the old start_Type.
To list the available services and drivers, run the listsvc command.
About diskcomp
Compares the contents of a floppy disk in the source drive to the contents of a floppy disk in the target drive.
Availability
The diskcomp.com command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Note: This command was not included with Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows ME. However, if you upgraded Windows
95 from Windows 3.x, this file would still be available.
MS-DOS 1.0 to 6.22
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Early versions of MS-DOS Syntax
DISKCOMP Source: Target: /1 /8
| Source: | Source drive containing one of the floppy disks to be compared. |
| Target: | Target drive containing the other disk to be compared. |
| /1 | Compares only the first side of the disks |
| /8 | Compares the first 8 sectors per track. |
Windows 2000 and Windows XP syntax
Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOMP [drive1: [drive2:]]
Examples
diskcomp a: b: /1
Compares the first side of A: with B:
Additional information
This command cannot be used with a hard drive and must be only used with floppies that are the identical size.
The diskcomp exit codes are:
0 - Disks are the same.
1 - Disks are different.
2 - Process aborted with CTRL + C by user.
3 - Critical error.
4 - Initialization error.
About diskcopy
The diskcopy utility allows a user to copy the complete contents of a diskette to another diskette.
Warning: It is not recommended that the diskcopy command be used for anything but a floppy
diskette.
Availability
The diskcopy.com is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All Versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/V] [/M]
| /1 | Copies only the first side of the disk. |
| /V | Verifies that the information is copied correctly. |
| /M | Force multi-pass copy using memory only. |
The two floppy disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.
Examples
diskcopy a:
This would make a copy of the disk that is currently in your drive.
About diskpart
The diskpart command is a recovery console command that enables a user to delete and create partitions on their
computer.
Availability
The diskpart command is a recovery console and external command that is available
in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Windows Vista and 7 diskpart command syntax
Recovery Console diskpart command syntax
Windows Vista and 7 diskpart command syntax
Microsoft DiskPart version 6.1.7601
Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: COMPUTERHOPE
Microsoft DiskPart syntax:
diskpart [/s <script>] [/?]
| /s <script> | Use a DiskPart script. |
| /? | Show this help screen. |
Typing diskpart from an elevated command prompt will enter the "DISKPART>" prompt. From this prompt,
the below commands are available. These commands are also available from a DiskPart script.
| ACTIVE | Mark the selected partition as active. |
| ADD | Add a mirror to a simple volume. |
| ASSIGN | Assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume. |
| ATTRIBUTES | Manipulate volume or disk attributes. |
| ATTACH | Attaches a virtual disk file. |
| AUTOMOUNT | Enable and disable automatic mounting of basic volumes. |
| BREAK | Break a mirror set. |
| CLEAN | Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk. |
| COMPACT | Attempts to reduce the physical size of the file. |
| CONVERT | Convert between different disk formats. |
| CREATE | Create a volume, partition or virtual disk. |
| DELETE | Delete an object. |
| DETAIL | Provide details about an object. |
| DETACH | Detaches a virtual disk file. |
| EXIT | Exit DiskPart. |
| EXTEND | Extend a volume. |
| EXPAND | Expands the maximum size available on a virtual disk. |
| FILESYSTEMS | Display current and supported file systems on the volume. |
| FORMAT | Format the volume or partition. |
| GPT | Assign attributes to the selected GPT partition. |
| HELP | Display a list of commands. |
| IMPORT | Import a disk group. |
| INACTIVE | Mark the selected partition as inactive. |
| LIST | Display a list of objects. |
| MERGE | Merges a child disk with its parents. |
| ONLINE | Online an object that is currently marked as offline. |
| OFFLINE | Offline an object that is currently marked as online. |
| RECOVER | Refreshes the state of all disks in the selected pack. Attempts recovery on disks in the invalid pack, and resynchronizes mirrored volumes and RAID5 volumes that have stale plex or parity data. |
| REM | Does nothing. This is used to comment scripts. |
| REMOVE | Remove a drive letter or mount point assignment. |
| REPAIR | Repair a RAID-5 volume with a failed member. |
| RESCAN | Rescan the computer looking for disks and volumes. |
| RETAIN | Place a retained partition under a simple volume. |
| SAN | Display or set the SAN policy for the currently booted OS. |
| SELECT | Shift the focus to an object. |
| SETID | Change the partition type. |
| SHRINK | Reduce the size of the selected volume. |
| UNIQUEID | Displays or sets the GUID partition table (GPT) identifier or master boot record (MBR) signature of a disk. |
Recovery Console diskpart command syntax
Creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive. The below diskpart
command information is only available when you are using the Recovery
Console.
diskpart [/add | /delete] [device_name | drive_name | partition_name] [size]
| /add | Creates a new partition. |
| /delete | Deletes an existing partition. |
| device_name | The device you want to create or delete a partition. The name can be obtained from the output of the map command. |
| drive_name | The partition you want to delete, by drive letter. Used only with /delete. |
| partition_name | The partition you want to delete, by partition name. Can be used in place of the drive_name. Used only with /delete. |
| size | The size, in megabytes (MB), of the partition you want to create. Used only with /add. |
Examples
Diskpart
Typing diskpart without any additional switches or options will
open a new DISKPART> prompt and allow all the above commands to be
entered. For example, while at the DISKPART> prompt you can type:
LIST DISK and get an output similar to the below example.
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---Disk 0 Online 119 GB 0 BDisk 1 Online 119 GB 119 GBDisk 2 Online 2047 GB 0 BDisk 3 No Media 0 B 0 BDisk 4 No Media 0 B 0 BDisk 5 No Media 0 B 0 BDisk 6 No Media 0 B 0 B
Note: When entering the diskpart command in Windows you will receive a UAC warning. You must accept this warning before diskpart will open.
Tip: To exit the DISKPART> prompt type exit and press enter.
diskpart /delete D:
In the above example, the D: partition would be deleted.
diskpart /add \Device\HardDisk0 20
In the above example, a 20MB would be created on the HardDisk0 device. This name is obtained from the
map command.
About doskey
Doskey is a MS-DOS utility that allows a user to keep a history of
commands used on the computer. This allows frequently used commands to
be used
without having to type the commands in each time you need to use it.
Availability
The doskey.exe command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
MS-DOS 5.0 and above
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Edits command lines, recalls command lines, and creates macros
DOSKEY [/switch ...] [macroname=[text]]
| /BUFSIZE:size | Sets size of macro and command buffer | (default:512) |
| /ECHO:on|off | nables/disables echo of macro expansions | (default:on) |
| /FILE:file | Specifies file containing a list of macros | |
| /HISTORY | Displays all commands stored in memory | |
| /INSERT | Inserts new characters into line when typing | |
| /KEYSIZE:size | Sets size of keyboard type-ahead buffer | (default:15) |
| /LINE:size | Sets maximum size of line edit buffer | (default:128) |
| /MACROS | Displays all DOSKey macros | |
| /OVERSTRIKE | Overwrites new characters onto line when typing | (default) |
| /REINSTALL | Installs a new copy of DOSKey | |
| macroname | Specifies a name for a macro you create | |
| text | Specifies commands you want to assign to the macro |
Option keys
| UP,DOWN | arrows recall commands |
| Esc | clears current command |
| F7 | displays command history |
| Alt+F7 | clears command history |
| [chars]F8 | searches for command beginning with [chars] |
| F9 | selects a command by number |
| Alt+F10 | clears macro definitions |
Below are special codes you can use in DOSKey macro definitions.
| $T | Command separator: allows multiple commands in a macro |
| $1-$9 | Batch parameters: equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs |
| $* | Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on the command line |
Examples
doskey
Starts doskey and allows you to press the up or down command to see history, or right or left to reType previous command.
Technical support
Specifying a buffer size larger than 61900 for DOSKEY causes the computer to freeze.
DOSKEY supports approximately 61900 bytes. Due to an
error in the DOSKEY program that causes DOSKEY to mark memory as unused
when it
terminates and stays resident, specifying a buffer size larger than
this amount causes the computer to hang.
About doskey
Doskey is a MS-DOS utility that allows a user to keep a history of
commands used on the computer. This allows frequently used commands to
be used
without having to type the commands in each time you need to use it.
Availability
The doskey.exe command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
MS-DOS 5.0 and above
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Syntax
Edits command lines, recalls command lines, and creates macros
DOSKEY [/switch ...] [macroname=[text]]
| /BUFSIZE:size | Sets size of macro and command buffer | (default:512) |
| /ECHO:on|off | nables/disables echo of macro expansions | (default:on) |
| /FILE:file | Specifies file containing a list of macros | |
| /HISTORY | Displays all commands stored in memory | |
| /INSERT | Inserts new characters into line when typing | |
| /KEYSIZE:size | Sets size of keyboard type-ahead buffer | (default:15) |
| /LINE:size | Sets maximum size of line edit buffer | (default:128) |
| /MACROS | Displays all DOSKey macros | |
| /OVERSTRIKE | Overwrites new characters onto line when typing | (default) |
| /REINSTALL | Installs a new copy of DOSKey | |
| macroname | Specifies a name for a macro you create | |
| text | Specifies commands you want to assign to the macro |
Option keys
| UP,DOWN | arrows recall commands |
| Esc | clears current command |
| F7 | displays command history |
| Alt+F7 | clears command history |
| [chars]F8 | searches for command beginning with [chars] |
| F9 | selects a command by number |
| Alt+F10 | clears macro definitions |
Below are special codes you can use in DOSKey macro definitions.
| $T | Command separator: allows multiple commands in a macro |
| $1-$9 | Batch parameters: equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs |
| $* | Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on the command line |
Examples
doskey
Starts doskey and allows you to press the up or down command to see history, or right or left to reType previous command.
Technical support
Specifying a buffer size larger than 61900 for DOSKEY causes the computer to freeze.
DOSKEY supports approximately 61900 bytes. Due to an
error in the DOSKEY program that causes DOSKEY to mark memory as unused
when it
terminates and stays resident, specifying a buffer size larger than
this amount causes the computer to hang.
About drivparm
Drivparm allows the default or original device driver settings to be overridden when the config.sys is loaded.
Availability
The drivparm command is an internal command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
All Versions of MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows NT
Syntax
DRIVPARM=/d:number /c /f:factor /h:heads /i /n /s:sectors /t:tracks
| /d:number | Specifies physical drive number. Numbers must be in the range of 0 to 255. |
| /c | Specifies that the driver will be able to tell that the floppy disk drive door is open. |
| /f:factor | Specifies drive. Default value is 2. 0 - 160K/180K or 320K/360 1 - 1.2 megabyte 2 - 720K (3.5 in. disk) 5 - Hard disk 6 - Tape 7 - 1.44MB (3.5 in. disk) 8 - Read/write optical disk 9 - 2.88MB (3.5 in. disk) |
| /h:heads | Specifies the maximum number of heads. |
| /i | Specifies an electronically-compatible 3.5 in. floppy drive. |
| /n | Non-removable block device. |
| /s:sectors | Number of sectors per track, ranging in value from 1 to 99. |
| /t:tracks | Number of tracks per side on the block device, ranging from 1 to 999. Default values will vary depending upon the factor selected. |
Examples
drivparm=/d:1 /c /h:2 /s:9 /t:80
Configures a 3.5" 720k floppy drive. This line would be loaded in the config.sys.
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